Main progress and prospect for China's hydrogeological survey          下载免费PDF全文

WU Ai-min  HAO Ai-bing  GUO Hai-peng  LIU Jing-tao  ZHANG Er-yong  WANG Huang  WANG Xin-feng  WEN Xue-ru  ZHANG Cui-guang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):195-209

This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.  相似文献   

基于灯光数据的京津冀城市多标度异速分析     

龙玉清  陈彦光 《地理科学进展》2019,38(1):88-100

城镇体系的时空演化是一个复杂的动力学过程,具有无尺度性,其特征可以采用异速标度指数定量描述。论文以京津冀为例,基于1992—2013年夜间灯光数据的校正结果,提取城镇夜间灯光信息,采用多标度异速分析方法,分析京津冀城镇体系的相对发展特征及其空间分异格局。研究发现：①京津冀大城市的增长空间局限日益显著。虽然大城市如京津唐的绝对发展水平高,但接近环境承载量的极限,22 a间增长快速的是大城市交接地带的小城市(如三河、迁安、廊坊等)。②相对增长速度快的城市从东北到西南呈现带状分布——政府选择发展的“雄安新区”就在这个轴带上。由此可以得出两个结论：其一,京津冀城市演化的趋势相对均衡化,空间结构异质性逐步减弱,整个城镇体系的发展趋于相对平衡状态;其二,大、小城市“两极”贯通或许是增强城镇体系功能的有效途径。京津冀的空间格局优化不能仅仅考虑主要的、规模大的中心城市,而应该基于等级结构协调整个城镇网络体系。  相似文献   

The δ60/58Ni Values of Twenty‐Six Selected Geological Reference Materials     

Weihan Li  Jian‐Ming Zhu  Decan Tan  Guilin Han  Zhouqiao Zhao  Guangliang Wu 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2020,44(3):523-535

The high‐precision δ^60/58Ni values of twenty‐six geological reference materials, including igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, stream sediments, soils and plants are reported. The δ^60/58Ni values of all samples were determined by double‐spike MC‐ICP‐MS (Nu Plasma III). Isotope standard solution (NIST SRM 986) and geological reference materials (BHVO‐2, BCR‐2, JP‐1, PCC‐1, etc.) were used to evaluate the measurement bias and intermediate precision over a period of six months. Our results show that the intermediate precision of Ni isotope determination was 0.05‰ (2s, n = 69) for spiked NIST SRM 986 and typically 0.06‰ for actual samples, and the δ^60/58Ni _{NIST SRM 986} values were in excellent agreement with previous studies. Eighteen high‐precision Ni isotope ratios of geological reference materials are first reported here, and their δ^60/58Ni values varied from ?0.27‰ to 0.52‰, with a mean of 0.13 ± 0.34‰ (2s, n = 18). Additionally, SGR‐1b (0.56 ± 0.04‰, 2s), GSS‐1 (?0.27 ± 0.06‰, 2s), GSS‐7 (?0.11 ± 0.01‰, 2s), GSD‐10 (0.46 ± 0.06‰, 2s) and GSB‐12 (0.52 ± 0.06‰, 2s) could potentially serve as candidate reference materials for Ni isotope fractionation and comparison of Ni isotopic compositions among different laboratories.  相似文献   

The tunnel seismic advance prediction method with wide illumination and a high signal-to-noise ratio     

Xinglin Lu  Xian Liao  Yao Wang  Guimei Wang  Zhihong Fu  HengMing Tai 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(8):2444-2458

Tunnel seismic prediction is widely used in the field of tunnel seismic advance detection. The illumination of the target and the signal-to-noise ratio of the data are two key factors affecting the precision of data interpretation. Current seismic prospecting has shortcomings on sites: (1) The lighting shots are solely towards one side of the tunnel wall, (2) the geophones are placed far away from the tunnel face and (3) the surface waves from the tunnel wall dominate over the reflection waves, lowering the signal-to-noise ratio of the data at the tunnel wall. This paper proposes a tunnel symmetrical geometry to tackle the above challenges. The arrangement is to place 12 sources uniformly on each side of the tunnel wall and six geophones on the tunnel wall and face. Results of simulated data and measured data show that the proposed method enables (1) broad illumination of the target body, (2) the enhancement of illumination energy of the target body, and (3) higher data signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed symmetrical geometry method provides better interpretation in terms of broader coverage, higher quality and greater distance of investigation.  相似文献   

空地技术结合地形图测图方法研究     

方秋生  王宵雷  刘如飞  马新江 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(3):37-40

车载移动测量系统可以快速、高精度地对测区进行三维激光扫描,但是因地物遮挡、视角限制,使得点云数据存在缺失;无人机航测具有高效率、高灵活性和低成本等优势,但是稳定性差,受天气影像严重,易导致影像不清晰或精度低。无人机航测技术可以弥补车载移动测量技术的采集盲区,后者可以发挥高精度的优点,二者技术联合应用,将极大提高测绘精度及生产效率。本文以某小区为例,进行了相关方法实验,对建筑物顶部或植被茂密处等扫描盲区,采用无人机航测补测,通过高精度激光点云对航摄影像进行纠正匹配,综合利用激光点云与航摄影像进行大比例尺测图。  相似文献   

长江经济带城市土地利用效率的影响因素及其空间溢出效应研究     

周晓艳  章芳  张苗苗 《测绘与空间地理信息》2020,(4):1-6

在人多地少的基本国情下,提高城市土地利用效率是促进区域可持续发展和建设生态文明的内在要求。本文在对2009-2016年长江经济带108个地级及以上城市土地利用效率的研究基础上,采用空间相关性研究方法分析了时空分布格局,通过构建空间杜宾模型(SDM)对其空间溢出效应进行分析。研究结果表明:1)2009-2016年长江经济带城市土地利用效率整体呈现稳定上升趋势;基本呈现以上海、南京、武汉等不同城市群中心城市向外逐步降低的“中心-外围”的分布格局。2)通过构建空间杜宾模型分析发现,经济发展水平、产业结构有显著为正的直接效应和溢出效应;土地市场化水平有显著为正的溢出效应;城市固定资产投资对城市土地利用效率具有正的直接效应和负的溢出效应;政府财政支出水平则对城市土地利用效率的直接效应和溢出效应均不明显。3)不同影响因素对经济带上中下游城市土地利用效率的空间效应存在一定差异性。  相似文献   

甘肃省地热资源赋存特征及潜力评价     

谢娜  喻生波  丁宏伟  张明泉 《中国地质》2020,47(6):1804-1812

甘肃省地热资源丰富，其地热资源的开发利用具有较大的潜力。本文介绍了甘肃省地热资源分布概况，结合地区构造、地热水化学特征、地热资源量及开发利用现状探讨了甘肃隆起山地对流型与沉积盆地传导型地热资源的赋存特征，并对两种类型地热资源潜力进行了分析评价。结果表明，沉积盆地地热资源分布于河西、陇西及陇东盆地等，热储类型为裂隙型和孔隙型，热储层自元古宙至新生代均有发育，岩性以砂岩为主；隆起山地型地热资源主要分布于祁连山和西秦岭造山带，热储类型为断裂破碎带，岩性以花岗岩为主；通过潜力计算得知，全省热量开采系数≥0.4的仅占29.17%，表明目前甘肃地热资源开采程度较低，开采潜力较大。  相似文献   

福建李坊重晶石矿床中硅质岩硅、氧同位素组成及成因意义          下载免费PDF全文

陈宪  黎敦朋  崔碧云 《地质找矿论丛》2020,35(2):154-160

福建李坊大型重晶石矿床围岩中发育层状硅质岩,为了研究硅质岩的成因,本文对14件硅质岩样品进行了硅、氧同位素分析。结果表明:δ(~(30)Si)分布范围为-0.3×10~(-3)～+0.1×10~(-3),平均值为-0.1×10~(-3);δ(~(18)O)分布范围为10.6×10-3～18.9×10-3,平均值为14.7×10~(-3)。基于该层状硅质岩的δ(~(30)Si)和δ(~(18)O)分布范围特征,结合野外地质调查研究工作的认识,该硅质岩应为原生沉积成因,二氧化硅来源于热水沉积;根据燧石-海水氧同位素地质温度计估算石英的形成温度为100.2℃—198.7℃,平均值为146.0℃,即该硅质岩形成于热水沉积,暗示李坊重晶石矿床形成于热水沉积作用。  相似文献   

两种测高重力异常反演海底地形方法比较     

彭聪  周兴华  王颖 《海洋通报》2020,39(2):223-230

针对基于测高重力异常反演海底地形理论众多、选取标准无法确定的情况,利用中国南海海域内的测高重力异常和船测水深数据研究比较了重力地质法(GGM)和SmithSandwell (SAS)法两种精度高、计算速度相对较快的海底地形反演理论。其中,GGM方法的密度差异常数Δρ由向下延拓技术确定为2.15 g·cm-3,SAS方法采用移去-恢复技术得到反演波段内重力异常和水深数据。结果表明:测线分布条件一定时,水深多在-1 000 m左右或反演区域岛礁、海山等复杂海底地形较多时选取SAS方法,水深主要在-3 000 m以深的区域或海底地形复杂程度不高时选取GGM方法则能获取更好的效果,其效果最优处与船测水深在检核点处的差值最优平均值能达-0.61 m,标准差可达14.67 m。  相似文献   

无人船现状及发展趋势综述     

蒲进菁  刘涵  江云华  黄坚  邝广绅  李小龙 《海洋信息》2020,35(1):6-11

无人船是海洋技术发展的产物,作为一种新型技术手段目前已在海洋调测和防务领域广泛应用.本文从无人船系统的组成、应用领域和发展现状出发,归纳总结无人船的关键技术,并研究其发展趋势.作为一种水面机动载体,无人船关键技术包括特型平台设计技术、运动控制技术和通信技术3个方面,其核心是围绕任务内容、载荷原理、使用环境特点,以应用设计、功能开发为主体的系统集成和应用.现阶段无人船主要作为传统海上工作方法的补充,在遵守、参照现有各种法规、技术标准要求的前提下,搭载已成型的船用任务载荷,按照载人船舶的作业模式、施工惯例投入各种应用.未来随着材料技术、人工智能、通信技术的发展,以及相关政策、法规的建立、健全,无人船将逐步成为一种独立的技术手段,形成一系列新的作业模式和技术方法.  相似文献